DescriptionIn the early 19th century the people running Peru were loyal to Spain. It was conquered by the rebels San Martin from Argentina and Simon Bolivar from Venezuela. The two generals argued about what to do with Peru. Various wars and territorial adjustments occured over the next century.Peru was the center of the large Inca Empire in the century before the arrival of the Spanish. The Inca Emperor was quickly captured and killed but it took decades for the Spanish to pacify the country and establish the Viceroyalty of Peru, which endured until the 19th century.In 1494, when Portugal and Spain were getting ready to seize land in the Western Hemisphere they asked the Pope to sort out the disagreements between them rather than fighting over everything. The Pope pointed to a longitude on a map and gave Portugal everything on one side and Spain everything on the other. Worked out well for Spain. Portugal got Brazil. Spain got everything else.By “Modern World Coins” we mean here, generally, the round, flat, shiny metal objects that people have used for money and still do. “Modern,” though, varies by location. There was some other way they were doing their economies, and then they switched over to “modern coins,” then they went toward paper money, now we’re all going toward digital, a future in which kids look at a coin and say “What’s that?” We’ll say: “We used to use those to buy things.” Kids will ask “How?” The main catalog reference is the Standard Catalog of World Coins, to which the KM numbers refer.
