CHINA QIAN DE 919-24 AD

DescriptionFive Dynasties politics and warfare were complicated. They were always scheming and fighting. Northern Han and Liao attacked Later Zhou. Later Zhou conquered Southern Tang. Then a general of Later Zhou usurped and founded the Northern Song Dynasty.The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period followed the demise of Tang. Later (Posterior) Liang, Tang, Han, Jin, and Zhou Dynasties, Former (Anterior) Shu, Min, Chu, Later Shu, Southern Tang and Han, You Zhou kingdoms and regions that issued coins. Extensive use of iron and lead coinage.The oldest Chinese coins are at least as old as the earliest Greek coins. The Chinese coinage system differed from other systems in two ways. It was monometallic, only bronze coins circulated in general commerce. Gold and silver were treated as commodities. And the manufacturing method was by casting in moulds rather than by striking heated solid planchets. The main reference I use in attributing and describing these coins is the book: Chinese Cast Coins, by David Hartill.